🔒 Cyber Safety

password security · phishing awareness · caesar cipher · encryption basics

👁️

Enter a password above

⬜ At least 12 characters

⬜ Uppercase letter (A-Z)

⬜ Lowercase letter (a-z)

⬜ Number (0-9)

⬜ Symbol (!@#$%…)

⬜ Not a common word

Entropy: —

Estimated crack time (offline attack):

—

Read each message carefully. Is it a phishing attempt or a legitimate message?

Shift (key): 13

Plaintext (original)

Ciphertext (encrypted)

ROT-13 (shift=13) is the most famous Caesar cipher — applying it twice decodes the message. Julius Caesar used shift=3 to send military orders.

What is cyber safety?

Cyber safety means protecting yourself and your data when using the internet. It covers strong passwords, recognising scams, understanding how data is protected, and knowing your digital rights. These skills are as essential today as road safety.

Why does it matter?

Cybercrime costs the global economy over $8 trillion per year. Most attacks succeed not through technical exploits but through human error — clicking phishing links, using weak passwords, or sharing information carelessly. Education is the best defence.

Key terms

Entropy — measure of password randomness in bits; higher = harder to crack Phishing — fraudulent message pretending to be legitimate to steal credentials or money Caesar cipher — substitution cipher that shifts letters by a fixed number; used by Julius Caesar ~60 BCE Encryption — transforming data so only authorised parties can read it (modern encryption is far stronger than Caesar) Two-factor authentication (2FA) — requiring a second proof of identity (e.g. a code on your phone) beyond a password

🎯 Try this challenge

In the Password Lab, try "password123" vs "Tr0ub4dor&3". What's the difference in crack time? In the Cipher Lab, set shift=13 (ROT-13) and encode a message — then encode it again. What do you notice? This is why ROT-13 is used to hide spoilers online!

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Binary & Hexadecimal