Ohm's Law Β· series & parallel Β· power Β· circuit theory
β‘ Ohm's Law Calculator
Enter any two values and the third is calculated automatically. Ohm's Law states that voltage equals current multiplied by resistance.
V = I Γ R
Enter two values above to calculate the third
β Series Resistance Calculator
In a series circuit, resistors are connected end-to-end. The total resistance is simply the sum of all resistors. Current is the same through every component.
Series circuit facts:
β’ Same current flows through every component
β’ Total voltage is split across components (proportional to resistance)
β’ Total resistance is always greater than any individual resistor
β’ If one component breaks, the entire circuit stops working
β«Έ Parallel Resistance Calculator
In a parallel circuit, resistors provide multiple paths for current. Total resistance is always less than the smallest individual resistor.
Parallel circuit facts:
β’ Same voltage across every branch
β’ Current splits between branches (inversely proportional to resistance)
β’ Total resistance is less than the smallest resistor
β’ Adding more branches increases total current (lowers total resistance)
β’ If one branch fails, the others keep working β used in home wiring
π‘ Power Calculator
Electrical power is the rate of energy transfer. Enter voltage and current to calculate power, or any two of the three values.
P = V Γ I = IΒ² Γ R = VΒ² / R
Enter voltage and current to calculate power
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Voltage (V)
The electrical "pressure" that drives current through a circuit. Measured in volts (V). Like water pressure in a pipe β higher voltage pushes more current. Sources: batteries, power supplies, generators.
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Current (I)
The flow of electric charge through a conductor. Measured in amperes (amps, A). Like water flow rate through a pipe. DC (direct current): flows one way. AC (alternating current): reverses direction rapidly (50β60 Hz).
The rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form (heat, light, motion). Measured in watts (W). A 60W bulb uses 60 joules per second. Energy (joules) = Power Γ Time.
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Kirchhoff's Laws
KCL: The sum of currents entering a node equals the sum leaving it (charge conservation). KVL: The sum of all voltages around any closed loop equals zero (energy conservation).
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Capacitors & Inductors
Capacitors store energy in an electric field (like tiny rechargeable batteries). Inductors store energy in a magnetic field (coils of wire). Together they enable AC circuits, filters, oscillators and transformers.
What is this?
An electric circuit is a closed path through which electric current can flow. Circuits contain components like batteries, resistors, and bulbs arranged in series or parallel configurations.
Why does it matter?
Every electronic device β phones, computers, lights, appliances β is powered by circuits. Understanding them is fundamental to electronics, electrical engineering, and physics.
STEM